BIO 193
1. Muscles.
a. Identify the muscles and actions listed on the following pages of this handout.
This part of the lab practical will be conducted using the pictures of muscles from your lab book. You will have a long list of muscles and a separate list of actions to work with on the lab practical.
b. Identify the following muscles on a dissected fetal pig specimen.
masseter, sternohyoid, sternomastoid, pectoralis superficialis, deltoid, trapezius, triceps brachii, biceps
brachii, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris, gluteus superficialis, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, gracilis, sartorius, pectineus, adductor, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
2. Nervous System. (You will not have a list of terms for this section.)
a. Identify the following structures on the human brain on p. 284 of the lab book.
corpus callosum lobes (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal) cerebellum
choroid plexus thalamus
pineal body hypothalamus
pituitary gland midbrain
pons medulla oblongata
b. Identify the following structures on the sheep brain preserved specimen. (reference picture, p. 296)
sulcus, gyrus, fissure, cerebellum, cerebral hemispheres, corpus callosum,
thalamus, pineal body, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus
c. Cranial Nerves – Label each cranial nerve with name and function. (p. 292)
I. Olfactory - sensory for smell
II. Optic - sensory for vision
III. Oculomotor - directs eyeball, moves eyelid, focusing of lens
IV. Trochlear - motor fibers to superior oblique muscle of the eye
V. Trigeminal - major sensory nerve of face; motor fibers to chewing muscles
VI. Abducens - abducts eye
VII. Facial - motor impulses to skeletal muscles of face, sensory impulses from
taste buds on anterior portion of tongue
VIII. Vestibulocochlear - sensory for equilibrium and hearing
IX. Glossopharyngeal - motor impulses for swallowing and gag reflexes,
sensory impulses from posterior tongue and pharynx
X. Vagus - motor and sensory to pharynx and larynx, parasympathetic
innervation of heart and abdominal organs.
XI. Accessory - motor fibers to muscles of neck
XII. Hypoglossal - motor impulses for tongue functions of food manipulation,
swallowing, and speech
d. Label the parts of the eye and ear.
(1.) Internal Anatomy of the eye (p. 366 - picture b)
(2.) Ear (figure 25.1, p. 384)
Identification of Human Muscles
(from lab book pictures)
Identify the following muscles in any view in which they are visible.
orbicularis oculi - closes eyes, blinking, squinting
zygomaticus - raises lateral corners of mouth (smiling)
orbicularis oris - closes mouth, purses lips (kissing)
platysma - depresses mandible, pulls lower lip back and down
frontalis - raises eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead
masseter - closes jaw, elevates mandible
sternocleidomastoid - flexes neck (together); rotates head toward opposite shoulder (individually)
digastric - elevates hyoid, opens mouth, depresses mandible
deltoid - prime mover of arm abduction
pectoralis major - arm flexion, adducts and medially rotates arm
serratus anterior - moves scapula forward
transversus abdominis - compresses abdominal contents
internal and external obliques - flexes vertebral column, fixes and depresses ribs,
stabilizes pelvis during walking, aids in trunk rotation and lateral flexion
rectus abdominis - flexes vertebral column, fixes and depresses ribs, stabilizes
pelvis during walking
trapezius - extends head, retracts scapula, elevates and depresses scapula (shrug shoulders)
teres major - extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus
latissimus dorsi - prime mover of arm extension; adducts and medially rotates arm
supraspinatus - assists in abduction of humerus; stabilizes shoulder
infraspinatus - lateral rotation of humerus
erector spinae - extends and abducts vertebral column
triceps brachii -extension of forearm
biceps brachii - flexion of forearm, supination of forearm
flexor carpi radialis - wrist flexion, abducts hand
flexor carpi ulnaris - wrist flexion, adducts hand
flexor digitorum superficialis - flexes wrist and phalanges of fingers 2-5
flexor pollicis longus - flexes thumb
extensor carpi ulnaris - extends and adducts wrist
extensor digitorum - finger extension
extensor pollicis longus - extends thumb
iliopsoas - flex trunk on thigh, hip flexor
tensor fasciae latae - flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh
sartorius - flexes and laterally rotates thigh (cross-legged sitting)
quadriceps femoris - identify the following as quadriceps
rectus femoris - extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
vastus lateralis - extends knee
vastus medialis - extends knee
adductor longus - adducts and medially rotates and flexes thigh
gracilis - adducts thigh and medially rotates leg
gluteus maximus - hip extensor, laterally rotates thigh
hamstrings - indentify the following as hamstrings
biceps femoris - extends thigh, flexes knee, laterally rotates leg
semitendinosus - extends thigh, flexes knee, medially rotates leg
gastrocnemius - flexion of knee when foot is dorsiflexed
soleus - plantarflexion of foot
flexor digitorum longus - flexes toes; plantarflexes and inverts foot
popliteus - flexes and medially rotates leg
peroneus longus - plantarflexes and everts foot
flexor hallucis longus - flexes great toe; pushes off when walking
tibialis posterior - inversion and plantarflexion of foot
tibialis anterior - dorsiflexes and inverts foot
extensor digitorum longus - toe extension; dorsiflexes and everts foot
extensor hallucis longus - extends great toe